![]() Diversity and Inclusion in Sport Organizations: a multilevel perspective (fourth edition), Cunningham G, Routledge, (2019).The Women in Sport topic provides further information and insights into the current state, facilitators and barriers for women and girls' participation at various levels and in different roles within the sport sector. leadership, administration, coaching, and player participation) in sport by women and girls. The reality is that we have not yet been able to fully understand-and respond to-the reasons behind more limited involvement (e.g. However, despite these actions inequalities between males and females remain when it comes to sports participation (physical activity participation is generally more equal). policies, guidelines, programs and research) that seek to equalise sporting opportunities, and in particular address the disadvantages faced by girls and women. Sports and governments have responded in a variety of ways (e.g. media coverage, sex of coaches, available role models). ethnicity, race, socio-economic status, and the existence of explicit or implicit sexism in sports clubs and in broader society) and some are institutional factors (e.g. There are a number of possible reasons for these differences, some of them are social-cultural (e.g. These differences are also evident in many other countries. In contrast to the ideals of sport, there is significant evidence that Australian girls and women are generally under-represented in sport participation when compared to their male cohort group. Gender inequity is often referred to as sex inequity, although what is meant is ‘different representation and opportunities for men and women’. The judgements and assumptions made by people and by society in relation to gender are intimately entwined with the judgements and assumptions made in relation to sexuality. ![]() Similarly, men who do not fulfill the stereotype of the ‘manly man’ have reported feeling intimidated and excluded from sports participation (these men will often be labelled gay, regardless of their sexual identity). ![]() For example, evidence suggests that gender stereotypes contribute to young women dropping out of sport participation because women in sport are often seen as being non-feminine (often labelled as lesbian, regardless of their sexual identity). Gender affects everybody, albeit in different ways. That is, gender applies to socially defined characteristics of masculinity or femininity. The simplest way of differentiating between sex and gender is to remember that sex refers to the body of a man or a women (there are a small number of people who do not fit typical definitions for male or female bodies who may be referred to as DSD – Different Sex Development) and gender refers to the socially judged traits that can be applied to bodies of any sex. One of the most difficult issues in relation to defining gender ethics is that it often gets confused with sex. ![]()
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